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Demystifying
​Bipolar Disorder

The symptoms of bipolar disorder are very specific. Contrary to popular belief, frequent ​fluctuations in mood do not indicate bipolar disorder. Instead, diagnosis requires patients to experience discrete and sustained periods of emotional highs and lows.

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The Highs

Patients with bipolar disorder experience extreme highs known as mania. Lasting at least a week, these episodes feature abundant energy and decreased need for sleep, with mood characterized by euphoria or irritability. Often, patients are impulsive during manic episodes, which can be highly disruptive.

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The Lows

Lows of depression are also a feature of bipolar disorder. Symptoms are similar to those of major depressive disorder, including sustained sadness and pessimism.

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Outlook

Bipolar disorder is a lifelong condition, but a broad set of treatment options are available with proven effectiveness. Given the disruptiveness of extreme mood states, it is important for patients with bipolar disorder to seek regular psychiatric care.

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Credit: Martha Lamont